303-14A Controles eletrônicos do motor 2.5

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-1 303-14A-1 - MI4 . SECTION 303-14A Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) - MI4 VEHICLE APPLICATION: 2011.50 Ranger CONTENTS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Electronic Engine Controls................................................................................................. Electronic Engine Controls (System Operation and Component Description)................... System Diagram................................................................................................................. System Operation............................................................................................................... Ignition Coil..................................................................................................................... Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor................................................................................. Heated oxygen (HO2S) senso........................................................................................ Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor..................................................................... Manifold absolute pressure and Temperature (MAPT) sensor....................................... Electronic Throttle........................................................................................................... Camshaft position (CMP) sensor.................................................................................... Engine oil pressure (EOP) sensor.................................................................................. Knock (KS) sensor.......................................................................................................... Injectors.......................................................................................................................... Variable camshaft timing (VCT) oil control solenoid....................................................... Electronic Engine Controls – Vehicles With: Ethanol Capability....................................... REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor................................................................. Powertrain Control Module (PCM)................................................................. Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor................................................................... Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor................................................... Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)..................................................................... Knock Sensor (KS)......................................................................................... Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) Sensor.................................................................................... Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor.................................................... PAGE 303-14A-2 303-14A-4 303-14A-4 303-14A-5 303-14A-5 303-14A-6 303-14A-6 303-14A-7 303-14A-7 303-14A-8 303-14A-8 303-14A-9 303-14A-9 303-14A-9 303-14A-10 303-14A-11 (29 230 0) 303-14A-12 (29 200 0) 303-14A-15 (29 232 0) 303-14A-17 (21 190 0) 303-14A-18 (29 220 0) 303-14A-19 (29 222 0) 303-14A-20 303-14A-21 (29 224 0) 303-14A-22

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-2 303-14A-2 - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Electronic Engine Controls Electronic Engine Control Location 5 4 3 E131880 Item Description 1 Ignition coils 2 Crankshaft position (CKP) sensor 3 Heated oxygen (HO2S) sensor 6 1 2 Item Description 4 Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor 5 Manifold absolute pressure and temperature (MAPT) sensor 6 Electronic throttle body

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-3 303-14A-3 - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 5 4 3 E131881 Item Description 1 Camshaft position (CMP) sensor 2 Engine oil pressure (EOP) sensor 3 Knock (KS) sensor 4 Injectors 5 Variable camshaft timing (VCT) oil control solenoid 1 2

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-4 303-14A-4 - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Electronic Engine Controls œ System Operation and Component Description System Diagram 5 4 3 E131880 Item Description 1 Ignition coil 2 Crankshaft position (CKP) sensor 3 Heated oxygen (HO2S) sensor 6 1 2 Item Description 4 Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor 5 Manifold absolute pressure and temperature (MAPT) sensor 6 Electronic throttle body

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-5 303-14A-5 - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 5 4 3 E131881 Item Description 1 Camshaft position (CMP) sensor 2 Engine oil pressure (EOP) sensor 3 Knock (KS) sensor System Operation Ignition Coil E135520 The electronic ignition system is a fully electronic, distributor less ignition system with no moving parts on the high-voltage side 1 2 Item Description 4 Injectors 5 Variable camshaft timing (VCT) oil control solenoid The electronic ignition system is integrated into the PCM. With an electronic ignition system, high-voltage distribution to the individual cylinders is realized via special double spark coils. The signal from the CKP sensor forms the basis for ignition timing calculations. From an ignition map, the PCM determines the optimum closing time and current rise of the primary current circuit of the ignition coil with switching carried out via end-stages in the PCM. The ignition timing is determined by the PCM on the basis of the engine operating conditions. Once the ignition timing is determined, the PCM interrupts the current supply to the ignition coil

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-6 303-14A-6 - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION primary circuit, thereby producing an ignition spark which passes to the cylinder via the spark plug. The spark plugs are activated in pairs (cylinders 1 and 4, and cylinders 2 and 3) and send a strong main spark to the cylinder in the compression cycle and a weak secondary spark to the cylinder in the exhaust cycle. The main spark is generated automatically in the cylinder that is in the compression cycle, because a higher resistance exists between the electrodes on account of the high compression. On one spark plug a spark jumps across from the center electrode to the earth electrode and on the other spark plug from the earth electrode to the center electrode. Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor E135521 The CKP sensor is an inductive sensor that allows the ECM to determine the angular position of the crankshaft and the engine speed. The CKP sensor is installed in the rear left side of the sump body, in line with the engine drive plate. The sensor is secured with a single screw and sealed with an O-ring. A two pin electrical connector provides the interface with the engine harness. The head of the CKP sensor faces a reluctor ring pressed into the outer circumference of the engine drive plate. The reluctor ring has a 60 minus 2 tooth pattern. There are 58 teeth at 6° intervals, with two teeth removed to provide a reference point with a centerline that is 21° BTDC (before top dead center) on cylinder 1 of bank A. If the CKP sensor fails, the ECM: Uses signals from the CMP sensors to determine the angular position of the crankshaft and the engine speed Adopts a limp home mode where engine speed is limited to a maximum of 3000 rev/min. With a failed CKP sensor, engine starts will require a long crank time while the ECM determines the angular position of the crankshaft. Heated oxygen (HO2S) senso E135522 The heated oxygen sensors allow the ECM to measure the oxygen content of the exhaust gases, for closed loop control of the fuel:air mixture and for catalytic converter monitoring. An upstream heated oxygen sensor is installed in the outlet of each exhaust manifold, which enables independent control of the fuel:air mixture for each cylinder bank. A downstream heated oxygen sensor is installed in each catalytic converter, which enables the performance of the catalytic converters to be optimized and monitored Oxygen sensors need to operate at high temperatures in order to function correctly. To achieve the high temperatures required, the sensors are fitted with heater elements that are controlled by a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal from the ECM. The heater elements are operated after each engine start, once it has been calculated that there is no moisture in the exhaust (between 0 and 2 minutes delay), and also during low load conditions when the temperature of the exhaust gases is insufficient to maintain the required sensor temperature. The PWM duty cycle is carefully controlled to prevent thermal shock to cold sensors. A non-functioning heater delays the sensor‘s readiness for closed loop control and increases emissions. The upstream heated oxygen sensors produce a constant voltage, with a variable current that is proportional to the lambda ratio. The downstream heated oxygen sensors produce an output voltage dependant on the ratio of the exhaust gas oxygen to the ambient oxygen.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-7 303-14A-7 - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION The heated oxygen sensors age with mileage, increasing their response time to switch from rich to lean and lean to rich. This increase in response time influences the ECM closed loop control and leads to progressively increased emissions. Measuring the period of rich to lean and lean to rich switching monitors the response rate of the upstream sensors. Diagnosis of electrical faults is continually monitored in both the upstream and downstream sensors. This is achieved by checking the signal against maximum and minimum threshold, for open and short circuit conditions. If a heated oxygen sensor fails: The ECM defaults to open loop fueling for the related cylinder bank The CO (carbon monoxide) and emissions content of the exhaust gases may increase The exhaust may smell of rotten eggs (hydrogen sulphide). With a failed heated oxygen sensor, the engine will suffer from reduced refinement and performance. Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor E135523 The ECT sensors are NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermostats that allow the ECM to monitor the engine coolant temperature. There are two identical ECT sensors installed, which are identified as ECT 1 and ECT 2. Each sensor is secured with a twist-lock and latch mechanism, and is sealed with an O-ring. A two pin electrical connector provides the interface between the sensor and the engine harness ECT 1 ECT 1 is installed in the heater manifold, at the rear of the RH (right-hand) cylinder head. The input from this sensor is used in calibration tables and by other systems. If there is an ECT 1 fault, the ECM adopts an estimated coolant temperature. On the second consecutive trip with an ECT 1 fault, the ECM illuminates the MIL (malfunction indicator lamp). ECT 2 ECT 2 is installed in the lower hose connector which attaches to the bottom of the thermostat. The input from this sensor is used for OBD (on-board diagnostic) 2 diagnostics and, in conjunction with the input from ECT 1, to confirm that the thermostat is functional. If there is an ECT 2 fault, the ECM illuminates the MIL on the second consecutive trip. Manifold absolute pressure and Temperature (MAPT) sensor E135524 In the MAPT sensor housing are located a piezo-pressure sensor element (MAP (manifold absolute pressure) sensor) and the electronic circuits for signal amplification and temperature compensation. The IAT sensor element is an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistor. A special coating process renders the MAP and IAT sensor elements resistant to damp and humidity in the intake pipe. The MAPT sensor receives a reference voltage of 5 Volts from the PCM. The output signal from the MAP sensor element is an analogue voltage signal which changes proportionately to the absolute pressure in the intake manifold. A high absolute pressure in the intake manifold (throttle valve wide open) means a high voltage, and a low absolute pressure in the intake manifold (throttle valve closed) means a low voltage. With ignition on and wide-open throttle the MAP sensor measures the BARO (barometric pressure). The resulting value is stored in the Keep Alive Memory and serves as a reference pressure

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-8 303-14A-8 - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION for the prevailing manifold absolute pressure at the various load states. The IAT sensor element also sends an analog voltage signal to the PCM. The temperature range (falling temperature characteristic) of the IAT sensor is from -40 ºC (nominal resistance approx. 48 kOhms) to 130 ºC (nominal resistance approx. 85 Ohms). At an intake air temperature of 20ºC, the nominal resistance is 2.5 kOhm +/- 5%. The analog voltage signals are digitized in the analog-to-digital converter and transmitted to the microprocessor as numerical values (counts). Use of the MAPT signal: Electronic Throttle E135525 The ECM uses the electronic throttle to help regulate engine torque. The electronic throttle is attached to the intake manifold. For additional information, refer to: Intake Air Distribution and Filtering (303-12 Intake Air Distribution and Filtering - 5.0L NA V8 - AJ133, Description and Operation). The throttle plate is operated by an electric DC (direct current) motor integrated into the throttle body. The ECM uses a PWM signal to control the DC motor. The ECM compares the APP sensor inputs against an electronic request or value to determine the required position of the throttle plate. The ECM and electronic throttle are also required to: • Monitor requests for cruise control operation • Automatically operate the electronic throttle for accurate cruise control • Perform all dynamic stability control engine interventions • Monitor and carry out maximum engine speed and road speed cut outs • Provide different engine maps for the ride and handling optimization system. A software strategy within the ECM calibrates the position of the throttle plate at the beginning of each ignition cycle. When the ignition is turned on, the ECM performs a self test and calibration routine by fully closing the throttle plate and then opening it again. This tests the default position springs and allows the ECM to learn the fully closed position. Camshaft position (CMP) sensor E135526 A sensor is installed for the intake camshaft. The CMP sensor is used by the PCM for cylinder number one recognition so that the injection sequence can be determined. Based on the calculated camshaft position and information about the crankshaft position, the PCM is able to determine the correct ignition timing and the correct injection timing for each individual cylinder. Also it can accurately identify a cylinder that is showing a tendency to knocking combustion The CMP sensor is realized as a Hall effect sensor and is provided by the PCM with a 5 volt supply. The Hall effect sensor emits a signal when the pulse segments incorporated into the sensor wheel rotate past the tip of the sensor. Thanks to the composition of the pulse segments, and combined with the signals from the CKP sensor, the PCM is able to calculate the position of the individual camshafts at any time. If an increase occurs in the area of the sensor, the PCM receives a 'low' signal with a maximum voltage of 0.5V. If a gap occurs in the area of the sensor, a 'high' signal is sent to the PCM. In this case the voltage is approx. 4.5V. If the CMP sensor fails, the fault is stored in the fault memory of the PCM and knock control is deactivated.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A- 303-14A- - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION On vehicles without a CMP sensor, cylinder no. 1 is recognized using the different current rises of the two sparked cylinders 1 and 3. Engine oil pressure (EOP) sensor E135527 The EOP switch detects the oil pressure. When a defined engine oil pressure is reached, the EOP switch opens. This information is transmitted via the CAN bus to the instrument cluster where the EOP warning lamp is switched on or off accordingly. Knock (KS) sensor E135528 The knock sensors are piezo-ceramic sensors that allow the ECM to employ active knock control and prevent engine damage from pre-ignition or detonation. Two knock sensors are installed on the inboard side of each cylinder head, one mid-way between cylinders 1 and 2, and one mid-way between cylinders 3 and 4. Each knock sensor is secured with a single screw. On each knock sensor, a two pin electrical connector provides the interface with the engine harness. The ECM compares the signals from the knock sensors with mapped values stored in memory to determine when detonation occurs on individual cylinders. When detonation is detected, the ECM retards the ignition timing on that cylinder for a number of engine cycles, then gradually returns it to the original setting. The ECM cancels closed loop control of the ignition system if the signal received from a knock sensor becomes implausible. In these circumstances the ECM defaults to base mapping for the ignition timing. This ensures the engine will not become damaged if low quality fuel is used. The MIL will not illuminate, although the driver may notice that the engine 'pinks' in some driving conditions and displays a drop in performance and smoothness. The ECM calculates the default value if one sensor fails on each bank of cylinders. Injectors E135529 The electromagnetically controlled injectors dose and atomize the fuel. The quantity of injected fuel is regulated by the duration of actuation of the fuel injectors. The fuel injectors are either closed (not actuated) or opened (actuated). Each cylinder has its own injector. The injection is accurately dosed and takes place at a time determined by the PCM. Injection takes place immediately in front of the intake valves of the cylinder.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-10 303-14A-10 - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Variable camshaft timing (VCT) oil control solenoid E139398 The VCT oil control solenoid is an electrically controlled hydraulic valve that directs engine oil to the variable camshaft. Once the PCM transmits a signal, the solenoid moves a valve spool, directing oil into the camshaft phaser cavity. This action changes valve timing by either inducing an advance or retard condition. The camshaft is, thereby repositioned in relation to crankshaft timing and allows for optimum engine performance and lower emissions.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-11 303-14A-11 - MI4 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Electronic Engine Controls – Vehicles With: Ethanol Capability As a general rule, engine management works according to the same principles as for petrol operation. The PCM (powertrain control module), the sensors and the actuators are the same for petrol and for ethanol operation E100. For vehicles operated with ethanol, however, a fuel type determination and adaptation function is activated. This determines the fuel composition and adapts the control mode accordingly. Fuel type determination The mixture of fuel in the tank can vary from an ethanol share of 0% to 100%. This ethanol share is important for the engine management, as it has a strong influence on the engine running characteristics and the exhaust gas emissions. To determine the ethanol share in the fuel, the HO2S (heated oxygen sensor) and the fuel level sensor are used. Adaptation for ethanol operation The optimal fuel-air mixture for ethanol fuel E100 is 9.7 kg air per 1 kg E100. For petrol, the optimal fuel-air mixture is 14.5 kg air per 1 kg petrol. Ethanol operation therefore requires a richer mixture. To achieve this, injectors with a higher flow rate are used. In addition, the ignition time is "advanced", as the speed of transmission of the flame front of ethanol fuel E100 is lower. The requirements for petrol and ethanol operation are very different, which is why special characteristics maps have been saved in the PCM for both fuel types. Errors during fuel type determination and adaptation can have a significant influence on fuel consumption and the engine running characteristics. If a leak upstream of the HO2S causes the engine management to change the control mode to ethanol operation, the spark plugs may fail due to an excessive fuel supply and the engine will not run satisfactorily in the cold state. If the engine management switches to petrol during ethanol operation, the engine will run irregularly or will not start.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-12 303-14A-12 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor(29 230 0) Special Tool(s) 303-1417 Tool, Crank Sensor Alignment E134676 303-507 Timing Peg, Crankshaft TDC PZ21210 Removal NOTE: Removal steps in this procedure may contain installation details. 1. Refer to: Battery Disconnect and Connect (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, General Procedures). 2. Refer to: Lifting (100-02 Jacking and Lifting, Description and Operation). 3. x4 E130132 4. WARNING: Only rotate the crankshaft clockwise. Turn the crankshaft until no. 1 piston is at about 45° before TDC. E131739 5. E131754 6. Special Tool(s): 303-507 303-507 E131755

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-13 303-14A-13 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION 7. E131763 8. x2 E131766 Installation 1. Install the bolt M6 x 18 mm. E131758 2. Special Tool(s): 303-1417 303-1417 E135214 3. Torque: 7 Nm x2 E131766

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-14 303-14A-14 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION 4. E131763 5. Remove the bolt M6 x 18 mm. E131758 6. Remove the Special Tool(s): 303-507 303-507 E131755 7. Torque: 20 Nm E131754 8. Torque: 30 Nm x4 E130132

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-15 303-14A-15 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Powertrain Control Module (PCM)(29 200 0) General Equipment Ford Diagnostic Equipment Removal CAUTION: If a new PCM is to be installed, upload the PCM configuration information using the Programmable Modules Installation Routine, prior to commencing the removal of the PCM. NOTE: Removal steps in this procedure may contain installation details. All vehicles 1. Refer to: Battery Disconnect and Connect (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, General Procedures). 2. Refer to: Battery (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, Removal and Installation). 3. Refer to: Battery Tray (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, Removal and Installation). 4. E133733 Vehicles with PCM security shield 5. Torque: 15 Nm 25mm E133737 All vehicles 6. Torque: 1 1 Nm x4 E133776 7. 1. Torque: 10 Nm 2. Torque: 11 Nm 1 2 x3 E133777

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-16 303-14A-16 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION 8. E133736 Installation 1. To install, reverse the removal procedure. 2. Carry out the Injector Correction Factors procedure using the following menu options: ToolBox/Powertrain/Service Functions. General Equipment: Ford Diagnostic Equipment 3. Carry out the Oil Quality History function using the following menu options: ToolBox/Powertrain/Service Functions. General Equipment: Ford Diagnostic Equipment 4. Carry out the Stored Speed Limit function using the following menu options: ToolBox/Powertrain/Service Functions. General Equipment: Ford Diagnostic Equipment 5. Carry out the Pump Learn procedure using the following menu options: ToolBox/Powertrain/Service Functions. General Equipment: Ford Diagnostic Equipment 6. Carry out the Pilot Correction Learn procedure using the following menu options: ToolBox/Powertrain/Service Functions. General Equipment: Ford Diagnostic Equipment 7. Change the engine oil and the oil filter. 8. Carry out the oil reset procedure.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-17 303-14A-17 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor(29 232 0) Removal NOTE: Removal steps in this procedure may contain installation details. 1. Refer to: Battery Disconnect and Connect (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, General Procedures). 2. NOTE: Lubricate the O-ring seal with clean engine oil. Torque: 7 Nm E139409 Installation 1. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-18 303-14A-18 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor(21 190 0) Removal NOTE: Removal steps in this procedure may contain installation details. 1. Refer to: Battery Disconnect and Connect (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, General Procedures). NOTE: The sensor is located at the rear of the cylinder head. 2. NOTE: Lubricate the O-ring seal with clean engine oil. Torque: 30 Nm E131793 Installation 1. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-19 303-14A-19 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)(29 220 0) Removal NOTE: Removal steps in this procedure may contain installation details. 1. Refer to: Battery Disconnect and Connect (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, General Procedures). 2. Refer to: Lifting (100-02 Jacking and Lifting, Description and Operation). 3. Torque: 18 Nm 2 1 E128490 4. E128491 5. Torque: 48 Nm E128496 6. Torque: 48 Nm E128523 Installation 1. NOTE: A new component may be supplied with a longer cable than the one removed. Make sure that the cable is routed and secured in such a way that it cannot be damaged and cause a noise, vibration or harshness (NVH) concern. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-20 303-14A-20 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Knock Sensor (KS)(29 222 0) Removal NOTE: Removal steps in this procedure may contain installation details. 1. Refer to: Battery Disconnect and Connect (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, General Procedures). 2. Refer to: Lifting (100-02 Jacking and Lifting, Description and Operation). 3. E139410 4. NOTE: Make sure that the mating faces are clean and free of foreign material. Torque: 20 Nm E139411 Installation 1. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-21 303-14A-21 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) Sensor Removal NOTE: Removal steps in this procedure may contain installation details. 1. Refer to: Health and Safety Precautions (100-00 General Information, Description and Operation). 2. Refer to: Battery Disconnect and Connect (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, General Procedures). 3. Refer to: Lifting (100-02 Jacking and Lifting, Description and Operation). 4. x8 E132537 5. Torque: 30 Nm E133922 Installation 1. To install, reverse the removal procedure.

Electronic Engine Controls – 2.5L Duratec-HE (122kW/165PS) 303-14A-22 303-14A-22 - MI4 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor(29 224 0) Removal NOTE: Removal steps in this procedure may contain installation details. 1. Refer to: Health and Safety Precautions (100-00 General Information, Description and Operation). 2. Refer to: Battery Disconnect and Connect (414-01 Battery, Mounting and Cables, General Procedures). 3. Torque: 3 Nm 2 1 E133923 Installation 1. To install, reverse the removal procedure.